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Compared to the activities of Senator McCarthy and the Salem Witch Trials, playwright Arthur Miller took great risks to speak his mind in a dangerous time.

Comparing the activities of Senator McCarthy to the Salem Witch Trials, playwright Arthur Miller took great risks to speak his mind in a dangerous time.

Here, the participle is modifying a person, Arthur Miller, who is doing the comparison. Miller is not "compared" to anything; instead, Miller is doing the "comparing." That's why we need the active participle, "comparing."

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