Video Explanation

Text Explanation

Split #1: parallelism!  We have two verbs in parallel in the non-underlined portion of the prompt, "expanded …. constructed …", both simple past tense, so we need the third verb, in the underlined section, to be parallel to these --- we need the simple past tense "passed", so (D) & (E) are correct.  Choices (A) & (B) & (C) instead have the participle "having passed", which is not parallel at all, so these three are wrong. 

Split #2: we have a three-way split in the word following "laws" --- "for"/"to"/"that".  One correct approach is to use a "that clause"  --- "laws that protected" --- here, the verb "protected" describes what the laws do.  Choices (C) & (E) have this correct structure.

Choice (B) takes a different that is still correct. It uses an infinitive of purpose, which modifies the verb "passed laws to protect …"  The infinitive "to protect" gives the reason why the laws were passed.  This is also correct. 

Choice (A) tries to express purpose using the structure "for" + [participial phrase].  This is not an idiomatically correct way to express the purpose of an action, so this choice is incorrect. An infinitive of purpose would be correct.  

Choice (D) changes the meaning by changing the logic.  The purpose, the goal, of passing the laws was to protect the rights of Jews.  The rights of Jews were not the cause of anything, which is what the "by" suggests. This choice is incorrect.  

Because of these two splits, the only possible answer is (E).