Video Explanation

Text Explanation

Split #1: As explained in this blog, this question contains a "Case I" use of the "with" + [noun] + [participle] structure, action by a different actor.  In the main clause, the Japanese Imperial Fleet is the actor, and in the "with" phrase, the American cryptanalysists are other actors.  This is wrong.  For this other actor, we need a new clause.  (A) & (B) are wrong because of this.  Choice (C) is a similar mistake: another preposition, "because of," with [noun] + [participle] structure, action by a different actor; this is also wrong. 

Split #2: Adjective vs. adverb.  The answer choices vary between the adjective "strategic" and the adverb "strategically."  What's happening here?  Think about the situation.  The folks in the Japanese Imperial Fleet wanted the element of surprise, but they lost it.  Having the element would have been good: it was a "strategic" element of surprise.  Losing the element of surprise was very bad: there was nothing "strategic" about losing the element of surprise.  All the answers that have the formulation "… strategically lost the element of surprise…" are wrong: choices (B) & (C) & (E) make this mistake. 

Split #3: pronoun mistake.  A pronoun can have as its antecedent a noun or other pronoun, but the antecedent of a pronoun cannot be the action of an entire clause.  Choices (B) & (E), at the end of the underlined section, use the pronoun "this" to refer to the action of the previous clause.  Unlike a pronoun, a participle such as "allowing" can modify a verb or an entire clause. 

The only possible answer is (D).